Blood pressure is defined as the lateral pressure exerted by blood on blood vessels. The blood pressure which is normally expressed is atrial blood pressure. It has two types.
1.SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE-It is the maximum blood pressure. This occurs during systole of the heart (range 100-120 mm of hg).
2.DIASTOLE BLOOD PRESSURE-It is the maximum pressure. It occurs during the diastolic f heart (range of 60-80 mm of Hg)
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (It is nearly 40 mm of Hg).
FACTOR AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE-
1.Blood volume -sufficient amount of blood in blood vessels necessary to maintain normal B.P loss of blood as in hemorrhage produce a fall in B.P.
2.CARDIAC OUTPUT- the quantity of blood pumped by the heart is one minute. An increase in cardiac output increases both systole and diastolic B.P.
3.PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE -It is the resistance offered by the blood vessels for the flow of blood resistance all offered by small blood vessels especially arteries.
4.ELASTICITY-The arteries wall distend the aorta when the ventricle contacts. The= elastic record when the ventricle release. A decrease in elasticity as an atheroma produces a rise in B.P.
5.DIAMETER-The lumen of blood vessels can be altered narrow of limber increase the resistance of the blood. This increases blood pressure.
MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE -
Blood pressure is usually measured by an instrument called SHIGNOMANOMETER. It is consists of a mercury bulb, cuff, and hand pump. The cuff is tied around the cubital fossa of the individual. Then the hand pump is pressed so that air is inflated in the cuff when the cuff is fully is inflated, air pressure is more than blood pressure so blood flow in a brachial artery is completely obstructed, now the hand pump slowly releases till the time the appearance of the first sound is heard. The manometric later, the reading is now hated. This reading is the systolic B.P. become lower and louder. Late is stop. The manometric reading is noted when the sound disappears. This reading is the diastolic B.P.
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