Information Technology IT-402
Unit-2, IT-402 Solved (Class 10 CBSE)
Unit 2 – Web Applications (Basics)
Session 1 – WORKING WITH ACCESSIBILITY OPTIONS
1. The option in Microsoft Windows XP used for helping users with physical disabilities and to reduce
repetitive strain is Accessibility option.
2. Sound Sentry is designed to help users with auditory impairments.
3. The High Contrast option in Microsoft Windows XP is designed to assist people with vision
impairments.
4. Serial Keys is designed to assist people that have difficulty using a keyboard or a mouse.
Session 1 – NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
1. The acronym for LAN is Local Area Network.
2. Three types of Wired Internet Connectivity are Dial-Up, DSL & Cable Internet Access.
3. Three types of Wireless Internet Connectivity are 3G, WIMAX & Wi-Fi.
Q1 – What is the definition of networking?
Answer – A computer network is a collection of computers and other hardware components
interconnected by communication channels (cables or satellites) that allow sharing of resources and
information.
Q2 – What are the advantages of networking?
Answer – Some of the advantages associated with networking are:
Data Sharing: One of the most important uses of networking is to allow the sharing of data. Users can
send text files, spread sheets, documents, presentations, audio files, video files, etc. to other users.
Hardware Sharing: Hardware components such as printers, scanners, etc. can also be shared. For
example, instead of purchasing 10 printers for each user, one printer can be purchased and shared
among multiple users thus saving cost.
Internet Access Sharing: You can purchase a single Internet connection and share it among other
computers in a network instead of purchasing multiple Internet connection for each computer. This is
very commonly found in Internet café (browsing centres), schools, colleges, companies, etc.
Usage of network based applications: Such as web browsers, email clients, chat application, audio &
video calling, etc. is another advantage.
Q3 – What are the different types of networking?
Answer – There are two major types of network Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network
(WAN).
Local Area Network
A local area network (LAN) is one which connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.
Usually local area networks offer very high speeds and are used for connecting computers and
peripherals such as printers, scanners, etc.
Wide Area Network
A wide area network (WAN) is one which covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across
metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). The Internet is the most popular WAN, and is used by
businesses, governments, non-profit organizations, individual consumers, artists, entertainers, and
many others.
Q4 – Explain LAN and WAN.
Answer –
Local Area Network
A local area network (LAN) is one which connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.
Usually local area networks offer very high speeds and are used for connecting computers and
peripherals such as printers, scanners, etc.
Wide Area Network
A wide area network (WAN) is one which covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across
metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). The Internet is the most popular WAN, and is used by
businesses, governments, non-profit organizations, individual consumers, artists, entertainers, and
many others.
Session 3 – INTRODUCTION TO INSTANT MESSAGING
1. Instant messaging (IM) is a form of communication over the Internet that offers an instantaneous
transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver.
2. Microphones, Headsets, Speakers & Web Camera are required for audio and video conferencing.
Q1 – List any five application based instant messaging software.
Answer – Application based instant messaging software is downloaded and installed on user’s
computer. Some of the popular instant messaging software are:
1. Google Talk
2. Yahoo! Messenger
3. Skype
4. Windows Live Messenger
5. Rediff Bol
Q2 – What do you mean by instant messages?
Answer – Instant messaging (IM) is a form of communication over the Internet that offers an
instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver.
Most instant messaging software include the option for performing file transfers, audio chat, video
calling and conferencing, sharing desktops, etc. apart from standard text chat.
Instant messaging software is widely used for personal and commercial use.
Session 4 – CHATTING WITH A CONTACT – GOOGLE TALK
Q1 – State any 03 rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting on the Internet.
Answer – There are some general rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting. They are almost
the same as those that apply for emails.
1. Messages should be short and to the point.
2. Always introduce yourself by name if your screen name doesn’t reflect it.
3. Always ask if the other person has time to chat first – regardless of how important you think what
you have to say is, it’s not going to be well received if the recipient is busy.
4. In a business environment, know exactly what you want to discuss.
5. Typing your messages in uppercase is extremely rude – it’s considered shouting and very aggressive.
6. Give people time to respond – Multiple questions sent to a recipient before they’ve had a chance to
answer can seem more like an interrogation rather than a conversation.
7. Wherever possible, give the person you are communicating with your undivided attention. It’s not
just a sign of respect, but if you have multiple conversations happening or are allowing other issues to
distract you, you may miss an important point in the other person’s messages or lose the gist of the
conversation.
8. It’s important to properly end an IM conversation – you may think the chat is over, but the other
person may not. While you’re off doing other things, they may be sitting there staring at the screen
waiting for further communication from you!!
Q2 – What are the basic needs to use instant messaging (chat) softwares.
Answer – Before, start using Yahoo! Messenger, a Yahoo Mail account is required. If you don’t have a
Yahoo! Mail Account already you can use the built in option for creating a new Yahoo! Mail Account.
You should a list of contacts that are available for chat. If you don’t have any contacts, you can add their
Yahoo Mail account to your contact list by sending an invite.
Session 5 – CREATING AND PUBLISHING WEB PAGES – BLOG
Q1 – Explain the purpose of a blog.
Answer – A blog is a discussion style site used by non-technical (or technical users) users for creating
personal web pages.
Blogs are similar to an online personal diary and simple to use.
We can use a blog to convey messages about events, announcements, news, reviews, etc. Blogs are
usually managed using a web browser and this requires active internet connection.
Q2 – List any 5 websites that provide blog service.
Answer – There are hundreds of websites that offer blog service for free. Some of the popular blogs
include:
1. www.WordPress.com
2. www.blogger.com
3. www.blog.com
4. www.weebly.com
5. www.blogsome.com
Q3 – Difference between web page and website.
Answer – Web page and Website are relevant but distinct words.
A web page can be considered as a single entity whereas a website is a combination of web pages. Web
pages are accessed through a browser while in website HTTP, and DNS protocols are used to access it.
Session 6 – USING OFFLINE BLOG EDITORS
Q1 – Explain the purpose of an offline blog editor.
Answer – If we do not have an active internet connection, we can create blogs using a blog application
and publish the blog whenever internet connectivity is available.
Q2 – List any five offline blog editors.
Answer – There are several free offline blog editors available that can be downloaded and installed on
the local computer such as
1. Qumana
2. Windows Live Writer
3. Blogdesk
4. MarsEdit
5. BlogJet
6. Blogo
Session 7 – ONLINE TRANSACTION
Q1 – Explain the purpose of online transactions.
Answer – Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where customers can buy or sell goods over
the Internet. Customers need to have an active internet connection for viewing goods or services
offered by a seller.
Customers can pay online using a credit, debit card or by internet banking.
Online shopping could be useful in situations when:
• A customer does not have sufficient time to visit stores.
• Visiting a store is more expensive than purchasing a product online.
• A product or service that is not available in the local market is available online.
Q2 – List any five websites that allow online transactions.
Answer – Some of the popular online transaction websites are:
1. IRCTC, an online portal for booking flight and train tickets.
2. Flipkart, an online shopping portal for buying consumer products.
3. EBay, an online portal for buying and selling goods.
4. Redbus, an online portal for booking bus tickets.
5. Paytm, an online portal for recharge and paying bills.
Q3 – List any three payment tools to use online transactions.
Answer – To perform an online transaction, all you need is a web browser and an active internet
connection.
In some cases where purchasing is involved, you will need a valid credit card, debit card or online
banking support referred to as Net Banking Subscription. Some websites even allow COD (Cash on
delivery) where the users can pay once they receive the product or service.
Session 8 – INTERNET SECURITY
Q1 – Explain the purpose of Internet Security.
Answer – Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often
involving browser security but also network security. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to
use against attacks over the Internet. The Internet represents an insecure channel for exchanging
information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as phishing.
Q2 – Explain different kinds of online threats.
Answer – Online threats such as Phishing, email spoofing, chat spoofing, etc. can increase the chances of
users getting compromised.
Phishing –
Email Spoofing –
Chat Spoofing –
UNIT 3 – Word Processing (Notes)
Unit – 3
Word Processing
Session 1: Modifying Layout of a paragraph
Steps to Set the paragraph layout:-
1. Open a word document. Click on Page Layout tab on the ribbon.
2. Click on the icon under Paragraph group. A paragraph dialog box will appear.
3. Select the desired alignment, line spacing etc.
4. Click on Tab button. A tab dialog box will appear.
5. Specify the tab stop position by mentioning the stopping position in the Tab stop position box. After
specifying the tab stop position click on Set button and the Tabs window appears.
6. Click OK. The ruler of the document will be marked with a L shaped symbol at 2”, meaning that the
tab stop position has been set at that position.
(Now when you press the tab key, the cursor will automatically jump from its initial position to the next
tab stop position.)
Session 2 : Managing Headers
Header:- Headers are text or images included at the top of the page. They usually contain important
information such as company or department name, logo, page numbers etc.
Steps to include header in a document
1. Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the option Header in the Header & Footer group.
3. A drop down list will appear. Insert any of the predefined options from the list.
4. You can insert Page number, Date & Time or any picture or clip art in the header area.
Session 3 : Managing Footers
Footer :- Footers are text or image included at the bottom of the page and may repeat in all pages of the
document. You can include page number, date & time, pictures or clip art in the footer area.
Steps to include footer in a document
1. Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the option Footer in the Header & Footer group.
3. A drop down list will appear. Insert any of the predefined footer options from the list.
Session 4: Managing Styles
Styles:- Styles or Style sets are pre-defined or customized options used for creating good looking
profession documents with least efforts.
Steps to apply and manage styles:
1. Locate the Style group under Home tab.You can view list of styles in Styles Group.
2. To view the list of style sets available, point to Style Set under Change Styles option. A drop down
with different styles will be displayed.
3. Select any of the styles listed by clicking it.
Session 5:- Document Template
Template:- Templates or document templates refer to a sample fill-in-the-blank document that can help
in saving time. They may have sample content, themes, etc.
Steps to view & use sample templates:-
1. Go to File->New. Different types of templates will be displayed.
2. Select any of the templates by double-clicking on it. Now you can use this template and customize
the contents according to your needs.
Steps to create a template are:-
1. Create a word document that will serve as the template.
2. Click on File->Save As and give the template a name. Select Word Template from the Save as type:
drop down list.
3. Click on Save.
Session 6 : Working with Page and Section Breaks
Page and Section Breaks can be used to separate a document into sections. To separate a section in a
portion use Section Break. To start a new page in a document use Page Break.
Steps to Use Section Break and Page Break :-
1. Click on the Page Layout tab on the ribbon.
2. Click on the option Breaks in the Page Setup group.
3. A dropdown list with options of different types of breaks appears.
Steps to Delete Section / Page Break
1. Click on the Section / Page Break.
2. Press Delete on your keyboard and the section / page break is removed.
Use of Page Break:- A page break can be inserted anywhere in a document to force the end of a page
and the beginning of a new one.
Use of Section Break :- Section Break add flexibility to formatting your document. You can create
different headers and footers, different footnote numbering, change the layout of columns, change
page borders for different pages and even change the page layout of the same document. Using Section
breaks is like having mini-documents in one large document.
Session 7: Applying Character Formats
Character Formatting:- To change look and design of characters is called character formatting.
Different options to make changes to a character or word:-
1. Font Face
2. Font Size
3. Grow Font - to make font size larger than the current size by the specified point.
4. Shrink Font - to make font size smaller than the current size by the specified point.
5. Strikethrough – to make a strike through the middle of the selected text.
6. Subscript – to make the selected text lower than the normal text position.
7. Superscript – to make the selected text higher than the normal text position.
8. Clear Formatting – used to clear the character formatting.
9. Text Highlight Colour - used to change the background colour of the text.
10. Font Colour – used to change the colour of the text.
11. Change Case – helps us to change the text case to capital letters or small letter. Different
change case options are :-
(i) Sentence Case:- the first character in the First word of the selected sentence will be in Upper
case and rest of characters will be in small case.
(ii) Lowercase:- selected text will be converted to small letters.
(iii) Uppercase:- selected text will be converted to Capital letters.
(iv) Capitalize Each Word:- the first character in all the words of the selected sentence will be
converted to Capital letter.
(v) tOGGLE cASE:- the small letters in the selected text will be converted to capital letters and
capital letters will be converted to small letter.
SESSION 8: INSERT GRAPHICAL OBJECTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Most Word processors has support for inserting illustrations in the form of Clip Arts, Shapes,
Pictures, charts, etc.
Clip Art: Clip Art can help in making a document look colourful and presentable. Clip arts are pre-defined
images available for use in documents. For example, if you would like to create a greeting card for your
friend, you can use clip arts such as balloon, flowers, etc. along with text message.
You can use the clip art gallery built-in within the word processor; you can also download clipart
From websites. Some of the websites that have free clip arts are:
Steps to insert a clip art in a document,
1. Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the option Clip Art in the Illustrations group
3. The Clip Art Task Pane appears. Enter the clipart category name in the search box and Click
Go.
4. Select the clipart that you want to use, double-click on it and it will be inserted into your document
Steps to insert a clip art in a document from websites
Sometimes, you may need clip arts that may not be available within the word processor application. In
such cases, you can visit websites that offer clip arts such as OpenClipart.org.
To download a clip art from www.openclipart.org,
1. Open the web browser, Type www.openclipart.org in the address bar and press Enter
You can use the search box available on the website for viewing the list of clip arts to suit your
Needs.
Now you can select the clip art you like, download it to your computer and insert it using the photo
option in the word processor.
SESSION 9: TEXT WRAPPING
Text Wrapping enables you to surround a picture with text. The text wraps around the graphic or a
picture.
Steps to insert Text Wrapping
1. Insert the picture / graphic / clipart in the document.
2. Click on the wrap text option under Text section of the Insert tab after double clicking on the
picture.
3. Alternatively, select the picture then select the Text Wrapping dropdown arrow in the Arrange
group under the Format tab.
Different Wrap Text Options
The different wrap text options available in word processing software are:
1. Square
2. Tight
3. Through
SESSION 10: INSERTING OBJECTS
In addition to graphic images, to add a personal touch to a special message or to illustrate a special
feature, you may want to embed sound files or maybe even actual files from other software applications
in your document. For example, you can insert a PDF file or a spread sheet within the word processor.
Steps to insert an object,
1. Select Insert Tab
2. Click Object under Text section. A dialog box will be displayed
3. Select Create from File Tab
4. Click Browse and select a file such as a spread sheet or a PDF document that is available on your
computer, Click Open and Click OK
Note: If you would like to edit the embedded document, double-click on it. It will automatically open it
for editing using respective application.
Demerits of embedding an object
1. The embedded objects cannot be printed.
2. The person opening your document must have the relevant software loaded on their computer to
operate the embedded file.
3. If you embed an object, the size of your document increases significantly and this may cause
problems in emailing the document as an attachment.
4. If you link an object, the person opening that document must have a direct connection to the
original file location of the object.
SESSION 11: INSERT SHAPES, SYMBOLS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS
We can insert objects that have different shapes such as lines, basic geometric shapes, arrows,
Equations, shapes, flowchart shapes, stars, banners, and callouts using the shape option.
Steps to Insert ShapesClick on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
1. Click on the option Shapes in the Illustrations group
2. Once you click the Shapes option a dropdown list with pre-defined shape such as box, circle, etc.
appears.
3. You can select the shape from the list of shapes available and draw the shape by dragging the
mouse with the left button clicked
Steps to Insert Symbols and Special Characters
1. Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the option Symbol in the Symbols group
3. A dropdown list appears
4. Select a symbol from the list and double-click on to insert the symbol into the document
Note: If you would like to view more symbols and special characters for inserting into a document, click
on the More Symbols… option in the Symbols Dropdown list.
UNIT – 4
SPREADSHEET
Autosum – Autosum is used for adding the values given in cells automatically without writing the
Formula to perform the operation.
Steps to perform Autosum:
1. Select the cell in which you want sum.
2. Click on Home Tab, then click the Autosum option in the Editing group.
3. The values in the cell will be calculated automatically.
Note: Autosum automatically selects the values around the cells either horizontally or vertically.
